Degenerative myopia retina8/3/2023 The most common way to treat myopia is with corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses, which refocus light onto the retina. When possible, a comprehensive eye exam should include the use of dilating eyedrops to open the pupils wide for close examination of the optic nerve and retina. Picture: Degenerative myopia-induced posterior pole retinal detachment (post operative OCT image)Īn eye care professional can diagnose myopia during a comprehensive eye exam, which includes testing vision and examining the eye in detail. Children from urban environments are more than twice as likely to be myopic as those from rural environments. Blacks in Africa had the lowest prevalence at 5.5 percent at 15 years of age. East Asians show the highest prevalence, reaching 69 percent at 15 years of age. A recent review 5 reports that myopia prevalence varies by ethnicity. Treatment cannot slow or stop elongation of the eye however, complications such as retinal detachment, macular edema (build-up of fluid in the central part of the retina), choroidal neovascularization (abnormal blood vessel growth), and glaucoma usually can be treated.Ībout 35 percent of population has miyopia. Symptoms of pathological myopia typically first appear in childhood and usually worsen during adolescence and adulthood. The sclera is the outer white part of the eye. The vitreous is the gel-like substance that fills the center of the eye. Each of these conditions can cause vision loss.Ī condition called pathological myopia (also called degenerative or malignant myopia) sometimes occurs in eyes with high myopia when the excessive elongation of the eye causes changes in the retina, choroid, vitreous, sclera, and/or the optic nerve (see image). Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, which carries signals from the retina to the brain. High myopia can also increase the risk of cataract and glaucoma. Picture: Degenerative myopia-induced posterior pole retinal detachment (preoperative OCT image) Picture: “Traction Myopic Maculopathy due to Degenerative Myopia Blood from the choroid supplies the retina with oxygen and nutrients. When it detaches, it pulls away from the underlying tissue called the choroid. The retina is the tissue in the back part of the eye that signals the brain in response to light. High myopia increases the risk of retinal detachment. Curiously, once myopia has begun to develop, time outdoors does not appear to slow its progression, the researchers found.Ĭonventionally, an eye is considered to have high myopia if it requires -6.0 diopters or more of lens correction. Other researchers suggest that normal eye development may require sufficient time looking at distant objects. Some suggest natural sunlight may provide important cues for eye development. Researchers are unsure why time outdoors helps prevent the onset of myopia. Some researchers found that children who spent more time outdoors had a smaller chance of becoming nearsighted.3 The researchers also showed that time spent outside is independent from time spent reading, providing evidence against the assumption that less time outside means more time doing near work. and other countries points to environmental causes such as lack of time spent outdoors and greater amount of time spent doing near-work, such as reading, writing, and working on a computer. Alone, each gene has a small influence on myopia risk however, the researchers found that individuals carrying greater numbers of the myopia-prone versions of the genes have a up to tenfold increased risk of myopia.Īlthough genetics plays a role in myopia, the recent dramatic increase in the prevalence of myopia documented by several studies in the U.S. Some of these genes are involved in nerve cell function, metabolism, and eye development. 24 new genetic risk factors for myopia in 2013. Scientists are unsure why the eyeball sometimes grows too long. With myopia, the eye is too long and focuses light in front of the retina Picture: In a normal eye, the light focuses on the retina. Myopia also can be the result of a cornea – the eye’s outermost layer – that is too curved for the length of the eyeball or a lens that is too thick. Sometimes people with undiagnosed myopia have headaches and eyestrain from struggling to clearly see things in the distance. People with myopia can typically see well enough to read a book or computer screen but struggle to see objects farther away. People with myopia have good near vision but poor distance vision. Instead of focusing images on the retina-the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye-the lens of the eye focuses the image in front of the retina. Otherwise known as nearsightedness, myopia occurs when the eye grows too long from front to back.
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